Health Through a Human Right Lens at the US-Mexico Border: Increasing Access to Healthcare for Central American Immigrants.

The number of immigrants seeking entry into the U.S. through asylum requests or through irregular means is increasing, and most come from the Northern Triangle of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. Immigrants come fleeing extreme poverty, violence, health and social inequities, and drastic climate changes. Most had limited access to healthcare at home, and even more limited care along the journey. Those that are allowed entry into the U.S., are confronted with feeling unwelcome in many communities, having to navigate an array of local, state, and federal laws that regulate access to healthcare. We need immigration policies that preserve the health, dignity with a multinational policy for provision of healthcare through a human rights lens from point of origin to point of destination.

Ambiguous Loss and Embodied Grief Related to Mexican Migrant Disappearances.

Since the 1990s, thousands of Latin Americans have died or disappeared along the US-Mexico border, following the funneling of migration through remote desert regions. The families of missing migrants face long-term "ambiguous loss," a lived experience in which a loved one is physically absent but psychologically present. Mexican relatives of the missing in Arizona and Sonora report that these losses produce deep emotional suffering along a timeline - worrying about the crossing, learning of the disappearance, beginning to search, and finally, coping with the long-term impacts of unknowing. Close relatives experience embodied health effects including headaches, insomnia, anxiety, depression, and chronic disease.

Cambios en los patrones de gasto en alimentos y bebidas de hogares mexicanos (1984-2014) / Pattern changes in food and beverages expenditure in Mexican households (1984-2014)

Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar la proporción del gasto y de su frecuencia en alimentos y bebidas consumidos dentro y fuera del hogar, en los ámbitos nacional y regional en México entre 1984 y 2014. Material y métodos: Se analizaron datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares (ENIGH) 1984, 1994, 2005 y 2014 sobre el gasto monetario de los hogares en alimentos y bebidas. Se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas tales como porcentajes, tasas de crecimiento y tablas de contingencia. Resultados: Se encontraron cambios en patrones del gasto alimentario a nivel nacional y regional. Aumentó la proporción del gasto y de su frecuencia en bebidas no alcohólicas, alimentos preparados, comidas fuera de casa y cereales. Disminuyó la proporción del gasto y de su frecuencia en aceites y grasas, frutas, vegetales y azúcares y mieles. Conclusiones: Los cambios detectados pueden estar relacionados con transformaciones políticas, económicas, sociales y culturales manifestadas en las últimas décadas.

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the proportion of expenditure and its frequency in food and beverages consumed inside and outside of households, at national and regional level, in Mexico between 1984 and 2014. Materials and methods: It analyzes data of household expenditure of food and beverages taken from the National Survey of Mexican Household Income and Expenditures 1984, 1994, 2005 and 2014. It conducted descriptive statistics analyses such as percentages, growth rates and crosstabs. Results: There were changes in food expenditure patterns at national and regional level. The proportion of expenditure and its frequency increased in non-alcoholic beverages, prepared food, meals made outside home and cereals. The proportion of expenditure and its frequency decreased in oils and fats, fruits, vegetables, sugar and honeys. Conclusion: These changes can be related to political, economic, social and cultural transformations experienced in the last decades.

[Pattern changes in food and beverages expenditure in Mexican households (1984-2014)]. / Cambios en los patrones de gasto en alimentos y bebidas de hogares mexicanos (1984-2014).

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the proportion of expenditure and its frequency in food and beverages consumed inside and outside of households, at national and regional level, in Mexico between 1984 and 2014. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It analyzes data of household expenditure of food and beverages taken from the National Survey of Mexican Household Income and Expenditures 1984, 1994, 2005 and 2014. It conducted descriptive statistics analyses such as percentages, growth rates and crosstabs. RESULTS: There were changes in food expenditure patterns at national and regional level. The proportion of expenditure and its frequency increased in non-alcoholic beverages, prepared food, meals made outside home and cereals. The proportion of expenditure and its frequency decreased in oils and fats, fruits, vegetables, sugar and honeys. CONCLUSION: These changes can be related to political, economic, social and cultural transformations experienced in the last decades.

OBJETIVO: Analizar la proporción del gasto y de su frecuencia en alimentos y bebidas consumidos dentro y fuera del hogar, en los ámbitos nacional y regional en México entre 1984 y 2014. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se analizaron datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares (ENIGH) 1984, 1994, 2005 y 2014 sobre el gasto monetario de los hogares en alimentos y bebidas. Se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas tales como porcentajes, tasas de crecimiento y tablas de contingencia. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron cambios en patrones del gasto alimentario a nivel nacional y regional. Aumentó la proporción del gasto y de su frecuencia en bebidas no alcohólicas, alimentos preparados, comidas fuera de casa y cereales. Disminuyó la proporción del gasto y de su frecuencia en aceites y grasas, frutas, vegetales y azúcares y mieles. CONCLUSIONES: Los cambios detectados pueden estar relacionados con transformaciones políticas, económicas, sociales y culturales manifestadas en las últimas décadas.